Hanja 09: Advanced Roots — Governance, Economy & Law (政, 經, 濟, 法, 權)¶
For Level 8-10, TOPIK II Level 5-6, and professional/news literacy, understanding political, legal, and economic roots is paramount.
1. 經 (다스릴/지날 경) & 濟 (구제할 제) — Economy & Governance¶
The word 經濟 (경제 - Economy) is a classical abbreviation of 經世濟民 (경세제민): "To govern the world and relieve the suffering of the people."
經 (경):¶
- 經濟 (경제): Economy
- 經營 (경영): Business management / Administration (Manage + Run/Build)
- 經驗 (경험): Experience (Pass through + Test/Examine)
- 經緯 (경위): Background circumstances / Latitude & Longitude
- 經費 (경비): Expenses / Operational cost
濟 (제):¶
- 救濟 (구제): Relief / Rescue / Salvation (Rescue + Relieve)
- 決濟 (결제): Financial settlement / Payment
- 共濟 (공제): Mutual aid / Cooperative fund
2. 政 (정사 정) & 治 (다스릴 치) — Politics & Public Administration¶
- 政治 (정치): Politics (Government + Rule)
- 政府 (정부): Government / Cabinet (Government + Office)
- 政策 (정책): Policy / Strategy (Government + Plan)
- 行政 (행정): Administration / Execution of public policy
- 治安 (치안): Public safety / Order (Rule + Peace)
- 治療 (치료): Medical treatment / Healing (Rule/Treat + Cure)
3. 法 (법 법) & 律 (법률 률) — Law & Statutory Framework¶
- 法律 (법률): Law / Statute (Law + Rule)
- 憲法 (헌법): National Constitution (Constitution + Law)
- 合法 (합법) vs. 不法 (불법): Legal vs. Illegal
- 法院 (법원): Court of law (Law + Institution)
- 規律 (규율): Discipline / Orderly regulations (Standard + Rule)
- 律師 / 辯護士 (변호사): Attorney / Defense lawyer (Defend + Protect + Scholar/Officer)
4. 權 (권세/권리 권) & 利 (이로울 리) — Rights, Power & Interest¶
- 權利 (권리): Legal rights (Power + Benefit)
- 權力 (권력): Political/Executive power
- 人權 (인권): Human rights (Human + Rights)
- 著作權 (저작권): Copyright (Author + Work + Rights)
- 利益 (이익): Profit / Benefit (Interest + Advantage)
- 利息 (이자 / 이식): Financial interest on capital