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Level 9 Workbook β€” Unit 03: Elevated Causal Justification (-(으)둜 말미암아, -기에, -느라고)


Part A: Connector Precision

Choose the most fitting causal connector:

  1. μ „ 세계적인 이상 고온 ν˜„μƒ[___] λ†μž‘λ¬Ό μˆ˜ν™•λŸ‰μ΄ κΈ‰κ°ν–ˆλ‹€.
    (a) 으둜 말미암아    (b) 느라고    (c) λŠ” 길에

  2. λ³΄κ³ μ„œ μž‘μ„±μ„ λ§ˆλ¬΄λ¦¬ν•˜[___] μ–΄μ œ ν•œμˆ¨λ„ λͺ» μž€μ–΄μš”.
    (a) 기에    (b) 느라고    (c) 둜 말미암아

  3. 그의 μ§„μ‹€λœ 열정을 μ˜€λž«λ™μ•ˆ μ§€μΌœλ΄ μ™”[___], 기꺼이 μ‹ λ’°λ₯Ό λ³΄λƒˆλ‹€.
    (a) 기에    (b) 느라고    (c) λŠ” 톡에


Part B: Error Correction Drill

Fix the unnatural causal construction:

  1. λΉ„κ°€ 였느라고 μ†Œν’μ΄ μ·¨μ†Œλ˜μ—ˆλ‹€.
    $\rightarrow$ μˆ˜μ •: ___________________________________________________

  2. ν™˜κ²½μ˜€μ—Όμ— 말미암아 μƒνƒœκ³„κ°€ νŒŒκ΄΄λœλ‹€.
    $\rightarrow$ μˆ˜μ •: ___________________________________________________


Part C: Advanced Composition

  • Write a formal two-sentence reflection explaining how international geopolitical instability caused inflation, using -(으)둜 말미암아:
    $\rightarrow$ _________________________________________________________________________________

(Check your answers in workbook/answer_keys/level_9_answers.md)